Video

Background

In most urban cities, the number of motor vehicles is high and as such, there is a congestion of traffic. When these many vehicles congest a singular area, the emissions per kilometer go up, contributing to vehicular pollution. The carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which include halocarbons, hydrocarbons, and oxygenates, are observed to be 250% more in urban and congested areas than areas with moving traffic, and result in the formation of secondary pollutants. In 2013, for instance, the transportation sector was responsible for more than 50% of all carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides as well as almost a quarter of all hydrocarbons in the air.

Over the last few decades, more and more vehicles are being produced. The population of motor vehicles is estimated to hit 1.1 billion in 2020, with Europe and the USA contributing to about two-thirds of the world’s vehicle population. In India, the number of vehicles increased from 0.3 million in 1951 to 58.3 million in 2001-02. About half the vehicles are concentrated in 39 metropolitan cities (cities with a population of over one million). The two-wheelers are the major contributors of vehicular air pollution followed by four-wheelers (e.g., car, jeep, taxi, etc.), trucks, and buses in decreasing order of magnitude. This rapid growth in the number of vehicles in the world means more gas is combusted, leading to more emissions and increased air pollution.

Air pollution threatens us all, but the poorest and most marginalized people bear the brunt of the burden,” said Tedros, Adhanom, Ghebreyesus, director-general of the WHO.  Breathing polluted air can lead to heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, the WHO said. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled division of cells within the lungs, and it is associated with air pollutants, especially particulate matter pollution, and secondhand smoke. Lower respiratory infections often manifest as pneumonia, though they can show up as other ailments as well. Leaded petrol has caused more exposure to lead than any other source worldwide. Contaminating of air, dust, soil, drinking- water, and food crops has caused harmfully high human blood lead levels around the world, especially in children. Ischemic heart disease, or coronary heart disease, is linked with the buildup of calcium or other materials like fat within the coronary artery,” explains says Kevin Wood, Vice President Sales & Marketing at Camfil USA. “This leads to blockages which prevent blood from reaching the heart and other areas of the body. Recent research indicates that air pollution accelerates the blockage of arteries, leading to increased incidences of ischemic heart disease.”

The carbon monoxide sensor we will use is the MQ-7 sensor. This is a sensor that is sensitive to the effects of CO. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a very dangerous gas that is odorless, colorless, and tasteless, so it cannot be smelt, seen, or tasted. A person really would have no idea that they are breathing in CO besides the fact that they would start to feel horrible. The most common symptoms of CO poisoning are headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, and a feeling of weakness. Neurological signs include confusion, disorientation, visual disturbance, syncope, and seizures. Carbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms when there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxides (CO), such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space.

Even a properly tuned gasoline engine, will produce more than 30,000 parts per million (ppm) of CO in the exhaust stream before the catalytic converter... The CO leaking from the exhaust system can enter the vehicle through holes in the body or open windows or doors. In our project, we can easily find out how much amount of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide mixed air coming out of the vehicles to the environment. Once we identified the amount of polluted gas release from the vehicles suppose if the ppm level released from the vehicle is above the critical value... our device should alert and indicate via led display to the user. we can easily prevent air pollution released by vehicles and increase the air quality by our project also prevent the too many dangerous diseases like asthma, stroke, etc. by using our product we can reduce the death rate due to polluted air released by vehicles.

Assembling process

   Step 1:  We have connected Arduino nano with a battery (lithium 18650) .

   Step 2: Then we connected the MQ7 air quality Measuring sensor.

   Step 3: After that, we connected the O-LED Display to show the message.

   Step 4: Then we connected Buzzer to the Arduino nano.

   Step 5: LED is connected to Arduino nano which lights in red color.

   Step 6: All the components are connected with help of jumper wires.

   Step 7: All the components are connected as per the schematic diagram.