📘 PROJECT TITLE

Smart Automatic Door System Using Ultrasonic Sensor and Stepper Motor

📝 ABSTRACT

This project presents a smart automatic door control system designed using an ultrasonic sensor and a stepper motor controlled through an Arduino. The system detects a person approaching within 115 cm and automatically opens the door by rotating the motor 15 rounds clockwise. After a fixed waiting period, the door begins closing by rotating anticlockwise. For safety, the closing process pauses immediately if a person is detected again and resumes only after the person moves away and a 3-second delay is completed. This ensures smooth, reliable, and accident-free operation. The system is ideal for smart homes, hospitals, offices, and automation systems where touchless, safe, and intelligent door control is required.

📘 INTRODUCTION

Automatic doors are widely used today to enhance convenience and safety. In this project, an ultrasonic sensor continuously measures distance to detect human presence. A stepper motor driven by a TB6600 driver controls the door’s motion precisely. The system is designed to be fast, accurate, and safe by integrating automatic opening and intelligent pausing during closure. The project eliminates manual operation and improves hygiene, especially in shared environments.

🎯 OBJECTIVE

1. To design a fully automatic door system using sensors and motor control.
2. To ensure safety during door closing by detecting obstacles.
3. To provide touchless and hygienic operation.
4. To demonstrate the use of Arduino, ultrasonic sensors, and stepper motors in automation.
5. To build a reliable and practical solution for smart homes and commercial facilities.

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📦 BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

Components:

• Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) – detects human presence by measuring distance.
• Arduino – processes sensor data and controls the motor.
• TB6600 Stepper Motor Driver – drives the high-current stepper motor.
• Stepper Motor – rotates the door to open and close.
• Power Supply – provides required voltage for the motor and electronics.

Flow:

1. Sensor detects a person within 115 cm.
2. Arduino receives the signal.
3. Arduino sends pulses to TB6600.
4. TB6600 rotates the motor clockwise (opening).
5. After 4 seconds delay, starts anticlockwise rotation (closing).
6. If a person comes during closing → system pauses unCONCLUSION
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⚙️ WORKING PRINCIPLE

1. The ultrasonic sensor continuously sends sound waves and measures the distance.
2. When a person is detected under 115 cm, the Arduino triggers the door to open:
   • Motor rotates 15 rounds in 3 seconds (clockwise).
3. The system waits 4 seconds to allow the person to pass.
4. The door begins closing:
   • Motor rotates 15 rounds in 4 seconds (anticlockwise).
5. During closing:
   • If distance < 115 cm → motor stops immediately.
   • When the person moves → system waits 3 seconds and resumes closing.
6. The cycle repeats automatically.

🔍 OBSERVATION

1. The sensor accurately detects objects and people up to 115 cm.
2. The stepper motor gives smooth and controlled rotations.
3. The door always stops during closing when an obstacle appears.
4. The 3-second delay after clearing ensures safe restart.
5. The system works reliably in both bright and low-light conditions.
6. The motor speed and rounds are consistent due to precise pulse control.

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⭐ ADVANTAGES

• Fully automatic and touchless.
• High safety: door never closes on a person.
• Accurate and programmable control.
• Energy-efficient motor system.
• Low maintenance and low cost.
• Suitable for hygiene-sensitive areas.

🏢 APPLICATIONS

• Smart homes and apartments
• Hospitals and clinics
• Offices and meeting rooms
• Shopping malls
• Hotels and restaurants
• Laboratories and cleanrooms
• Automatic gates and cabinets

📚 CONCLUSION

This project successfully demonstrates an intelligent automatic door mechanism using an ultrasonic sensor and stepper motor. The system provides fast opening, safe closing, and reliable obstacle detection. The pause-and-resume feature ensures maximum protection and convenience for users. With simple hardware and microcontroller programming, the project becomes a practical and scalable solution for modern automation environments.

he motor 15 rounds anticlockwise in 4 seconds.

To ensure safety, the closing process includes a smart interruption feature. If a person stands in front of the sensor while the door is closing, the motor immediately pauses to prevent accidents. The system waits until the person moves away, and after a 3-second delay, the door closing continues from where it stopped. This makes the system safe, user-friendly, and suitable for both homes and commercial spaces.

This project demonstrates the use of sensors, motor control, and embedded programming to create an automated, intelligent, and secure door system.

Here is a complete, clear, and neat description of your project, including

The project my :-

MOHAMMED MIDHLAJ 

MOHAMMED SAFWAN 

NIHAL SHAJAHAN 

RISHITH. M

SUPERVISOR: - 

Dr M.M JEGAN -M.E,PhD.