PROBLEM STATEMENT:

                         Accidents are one of the major problems faced by the people worldwide in which the number of road accidents has also grown. The consequence of such a trend is the absence of the road safety system due to the lack of systematic and continual road safety management. Road accidents cause high costs worldwide. Therefore, managing road safety on the basis of the number of road accidents is, before all, non - human and economically unjustified. Even though road accidents happen in middle - and low - income countries, particular attention and activities need to be focused on the elements of the system which will enable decrements in road accident consequences ( smaller number of fatalities and serious injuries). Indicating them before will work in some cases but in some unavoidable cases there is no other go so a rescue system is needed to save their lives after the incident.

ABSTRACT: 

                 Road accidents are increasing in our day to day lives. Most of the accidents occur due to over-speeding, drunken driving and careless driving. Though we cannot stop accidents, we can reduce the accidents by taking necessary safety measures. Therefore, there must be a smart accident detection system that includes automatic speed control at restricted areas, alcohol consumption detection and the vehicle’s distance from other vehicles on the road to prevent accidents.

High traffic places like roads near Schools, Colleges, Government official buildings, Temples, U-Turns etc are usually at risk for occurring accidents. In Order to avoid such accidents a safe zone will be developed. At all these zones, transmitters will be fixed. Whenever a vehicle comes within the radiation emitted from the transmitter, the receiver being placed in the vehicle gets active and the speed of the vehicle is reduced. Once the vehicle moves out of the zone, the vehicle gets accelerated. Drunken driving is also a major cause for road accidents. The alcohol sensor being used will detect the alcohol content through the breath of the driver and will notify the policeman about the driver's location. Also, an ultrasonic sensor is placed in front and back of the vehicle that continuously checks for the distance between other objects on the road. If it is found that the distance is too close and there is a chance of meeting with an accident, the driver will be notified and the vehicle’s speed control will automatically decrease. Suppose in an unavoidable situation if an accident occurs using a crash sensor the live location and the intimation that the accident occurs will be directly sent to the ambulance in the nearby hospitals. 

Introduction:

                      The following project is concerned with the speed of the vehicle using a transmitter and receiver with the integration of accident prevention and alcohol consumption detection.Road accidents are increasing in our day to day lives. Most of the accidents occur due to over-speeding, drunken driving and careless driving. Though we cannot stop accidents, we can reduce the accidents by taking necessary safety measures. Therefore, there must be a smart accident avoiding system that includes automatic speed control at restricted areas, alcohol consumption detection and the vehicle’s distance from other vehicles on the road to prevent accidents.

Problem Background/ Literature Review:

Every year a huge number of road accidents take place because of carelessness in driving,drunken driving and people get hurt and killed because of this.It is horrible for those who get badly injured.This must come to an end. The restless driving must be controlled.The given below is a  statistics about road accidents over the year 1970 to 2018. 

Therefore, special safe zones must be fixed in which vehicles will automatically be forced to keep their velocity to some safe level and can not accelerate their vehicle while they are in that zone. 

Solution:

                             High traffic places like roads near Schools, Colleges, Government official buildings, Temples, U-Turns etc are usually at risk for occurring accidents. In Order to avoid such accidents a safe zone will be developed. At all these zones, transmitters will be fixed. Whenever a vehicle comes within the radiation emitted from the transmitter, the receiver being placed in the vehicle gets active and the speed of the vehicle is reduced. Once the vehicle moves out of the zone, the vehicle gets accelerated. Drunken driving is also a major cause for road accidents. The alcohol sensor being used will detect the alcohol content through the breath of the driver and will notify the policeman about the driver's location. Also, an ultrasonic sensor is placed in front and back of the vehicle that continuously checks for the distance between other objects on the road. If it is found that the distance is too close and there is a chance of meeting with an accident, the driver will be notified and the vehicle’s speed control will automatically decrease.In case of any unavoidable situation, if an accident occurs using a crash sensor the live location and the intimation that the accident occurs will be directly sent to the ambulance in the nearby hospitals. 

Technology Stack: 

NODE MCU:

                Node MCU is an open source software and hardware development environment built around a System-on-a-Chip called ESP8266.Here,Node MCU is used for both transmitter and receiving purposes.

GPS: 

                  GPS(Global positioning System) receiver is used for tracking or locate the exact location where the accident occurs.It is based on a satellite navigation system. The operation of GPS is based on trilateration. It can be used in a vehicle, cell phones, any portable or fixed devices. 

GSM: 

           GSM modem just looks like a mobile phone using the transmission and reception pins, a modem can receive and send the message and it could be interfaced with the pc or to a microcontroller. GSM Modem detects the signals from all the sensors integrated with an RPI so that an alert notification is sent to the nearby hospitals in case of any accidents.

 Ultrasonic sensor:

          Ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal.Here,ultrasonic sensor is used to find the distance from the victim’s cae and other vehicles or any other obstacles. 

MQ3 gas sensor:

          MQ3 sensor is used to detect ethanol in air.When a drunk person breathes near the alcohol sensor it detects the ethanol in his breath and provides an output based on alcohol concentration. 

Working:

                The RF transmitting circuit consists of a RF transmitter module. When the RF transmitter is turned on, the data set by the user is encoded and sent to the Receiver module. The receiver module decodes the data. If the speed of the vehicle  is less than the limit zone, then no action is taken and the speed of the vehicle remains the same. If the speed exceeds the set speed limit, then the speed limit is set according to the zone.

Ultrasonic sensors transmit ultrasonic waves from its sensor head and again receives the ultrasonic waves reflected from an object. By measuring the length of time from the transmission to reception of the sonic wave, it detects the position of the object. In case of any accident about to happen by dashing on any obstacle or any other vehicle, the ultrasonic sensor detects it and automatically reduces the velocity of the car.

The alcohol sensor being used will detect the alcohol consumption through the breath of the driver and will notify police about the driver's condition along with location. 

Implementation:

               This system is implemented for all the vehicles, ultrasonic sensors are placed Infront and back of the vehicles to sense out the distance between two objects. Transmitters will be setup on the roads and receiver on the vehicle in which the transmitters on some places like school areas, nearby construction areas, or nearby places were some road maintenance or repair work is in progress to indicate the people to go slow and carefully in that places to avoid accidents. The alcohol sensor is placed in front of the driver to check it out. The crash sensor is placed on the vehicle if any accident occurs it senses automatically, and the live location will go to the nearby hospital for the rescue purposes.

Flowcharts: